Who pays for health care in Asia?

نویسندگان

Owen O'Donnell

Eddy van Doorslaer

Ravi P Rannan-Eliya

Aparnaa Somanathan

Shiva Raj Adhikari

Baktygul Akkazieva

Deni Harbianto

Charu C Garg

Piya Hanvoravongchai

Alejandro N Herrin

Mohammed N Huq

Shamsia Ibragimova

Anup Karan

Soon-man Kwon

Gabriel M Leung

Jui-fen Rachel Lu

Yasushi Ohkusa

Badri Raj Pande

Rachel Racelis

Keith Tin

Kanjana Tisayaticom

Laksono Trisnantoro

Quan Wan

Bong-Min Yang

Yuxin Zhao

چکیده

We estimate the distributional incidence of health care financing in 13 Asian territories that account for 55% of the Asian population. In all territories, higher-income households contribute more to the financing of health care. The better-off contribute more as a proportion of ability to pay in most low- and lower-middle-income territories. Health care financing is slightly regressive in three high-income economies with universal social insurance. Direct taxation is the most progressive source of finance and is most so in poorer economies. In universal systems, social insurance is proportional to regressive. In high-income economies, the out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are proportional or regressive while in low-income economies the better-off spend relatively more OOP. But in most low-/middle-income countries, the better-off not only pay more, they also get more health care.

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